After the fall of the Assad dictatorship, Syria faces a power vacuum marked by sectarian violence and governance challenges, especially in Alawite and Druze regions. President Ahmad Al-Sharaa is pursuing a democratic transition through reforms and dialogue with various factions but struggles with internal conflicts and increasing foreign interference, notably from Israel. The transitional government’s limited inclusivity raises doubts about its true commitment to democratization. Despite these challenges, international support from countries like Qatar and France encourages progress toward stability and reconstruction. To succeed, Al-Sharaa must strengthen inclusive governance and implement economic and social reforms to prevent the country’s fragmentation.