European Institute for Studies on
the Middle East and North Africa

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Why Regime Change in Iran Wasn’t on the Table: Washington’s Calculated Caution?

Despite the upheaval and uncertainty surrounding the recent “12-Day War” between Iran and Israel, a central question remains: why did neither the United States (U.S.) nor Israel adopt regime change in Iran as an explicit objective, despite widespread expectations to the contrary? This analysis addresses that question. Since the Islamic Republic’s establishment in 1979, the 12-Day […]

What Does Mark Savaya Reveal About the Iraqi-American Relationship?

The appointment of Mark Savaya as U.S. Special Envoy to Iraq in October 2025 reflects an effort by the Trump administration to reinforce Iraqi–American relations amid regional instability. Officially aimed at supporting Iraq’s stability and reconstruction, it also signals a U.S. intention to counter Iran-linked Shiite militias. While Savaya’s Iraqi background has drawn attention, questions remain about whether his role can genuinely rebuild trust and sovereignty or instead reflects continued U.S. influence, highlighting broader shifts in Iraq–U.S. relations.