From the instrumentalization of Militia by the State to a Militia State
Since independence, the Sudanese government has relied on the same defense system in every conflict: the creation of local militias as counter-insurgency forces. This policy even transformed one militia into a genuine army, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The war opposing the RSF to the regular army since 2023 has accentuated the militarization of militias in Sudan to such an extent that the country has become a Milita State, threatening national unity.
Shifting alliances in Egypt in response to changing priorities
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi began his third presidential term in April 2024. Since his arrival in power in 2014, the country’s foreign policy has moved toward alliances and engagement with many countries once considered as rivals or adversaries. These changes are a response to regional and global dynamics that have led Egypt to consider […]
The Dynamics of Change During the Arab Spring
In this research paper, Lyna Ouandjeli examines the multifaceted impact of the Arab Spring on Tunisia, Algeria, Syria, and Iraq, highlighting the role of media coverage and the significant influence of social media throughout the upheavals.