In December 2024, the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime marked a major shift in Syria. New authorities set up reconciliation centers for former security personnel; while some complied, others joined armed groups. The reappointment of former regime figures has also sparked criticism from parts of civil society.

The 12th Congress of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) formalised the dissolution of the armed group that has been at war with the Turkish state since 1984. This Congress is part of the timeline of a negotiation process between the Turkish state and Abdullah Öcalan, with the involvement of the pro-Kurdish DEM party, which specifically aimed at the dissolution of the PKK. On February 25, 2025, the PKK’s founder issued a “Call for Peace and Democratic Society” to demand the group’s dissolution. The consequences of this dissolution will be significant — both on the Turkish political scene, on the transnational Kurdish movement, and on certain regional geopolitical balances.

This article explores the long-standing and increasingly hostile relationship between Iran and Israel, shaped by over four decades of competition, conflict, and ideological confrontation.

At the crossroads of the Syrian desert and history, Palmyra embodies the major geopolitical stakes of both past and present Syria. From ancient city to strategic battleground, it is now central to the rivalries between regional powers such as Turkey, Israel, and Iran. This article explores how Palmyra has become a symbol of the broader struggle to remake post-Assad Syria.